Anatomy and Physiology I: study guide and practice
Also known as: biol 2401, bio 201, a&p 1, a&p i, anatomy and physiology 1, anatomy and physiology i, anat 2401, anatomy & physiology 1, human anatomy and physiology 1, bio 2401, anatomy and physiology, anat phys 1
What you will be able to do
- Describe the levels of body organisation and use anatomical terms for position, planes and cavities
- Explain homeostasis and distinguish negative from positive feedback loops
- Identify the four primary tissue types and match structure to function
- Describe the layers, cells and accessory structures of the skin and their functions
- Describe the organisation of the skeleton, bone structure and joint types
- Explain how skeletal muscle contracts, from nerve signal to sliding filaments
- Explain how neurons generate signals and how the nervous system is organised, including reflex arcs
- Explain how hormones regulate the body and how the heart and blood vessels move blood, including cardiac output and blood pressure calculations
Topics
- Organisation of the body and homeostasisLevels of structural organisation, the language of anatomical position and direction, and how feedback loops hold the internal environment steady.
- TissuesThe four primary tissue types, how epithelium is classified, and how structure fits function in connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
- Integumentary system (skin)The layers of the skin, its cell types and accessory structures, and how it protects, senses and regulates temperature.
- Skeletal systemFunctions of the skeleton, its divisions, bone structure and cells, bone formation and remodelling, and the main classes of joints.
- Muscular systemSkeletal muscle structure, how the sliding filament process works from nerve signal to shortening, and how muscles obtain energy.
- Nervous systemOrganisation of the nervous system, neuron structure, how action potentials and synapses work, major brain regions and the reflex arc.
- Endocrine systemHow hormones act on target cells, the main glands and their hormones, and the feedback loops that keep levels regulated.
- Cardiovascular systemThe heart's chambers, valves and electrical conduction, the types of blood vessel, and calculations for cardiac output, ejection fraction and mean arterial pressure.